CLEVELAND, Ohio - May is Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month in the United States. And while only 2.9% of Ohio’s population identifies as Asian, there is still a rich history in the state-centered around Cleveland.
There are an estimated 38,471 people identifying as Asian in Cuyahoga County, or about 3.1%, according to the 2020 U.S. Census. The largest percentage of that population is Asian-Indian, at 34%. This is followed by those of Chinese descent (26.1%), other Asian (15.3%), and Filipino (9%).
Ohio does not have a significant native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander population. The category was separated from the Asian racial category on the census in a 1997 U.S. Office of Management and Budget directive.
Nationally, 5.6% identify as Asian, and less than 1% as Hawaiian or Pacific Islander.
The first Asian community to arrive in Ohio was primarily made up of second-generation Chinese immigrants, workers who initially immigrated to California. But anti-immigrant sentiments caused by a recession in the late-1870s prompted many Chinese Americans to move east, according to Ohio History Connection.
Those who came to Ohio landed in the northeast portion of the state, where they founded businesses such as laundries, restaurants, groceries, and clothing stores in an area along Lakeside and St. Clair avenues and Ontario Street in Cleveland.
Two merchant associations, On Leong Tong and Hip Sing, supported the community and maintained their cultural values and traditions according to Asiatown Cleveland. In the 1940s, another wave of Chinese immigrants came to Cleveland, seeking refuge from the Chinese Civil War.
By the 1990s, Cleveland’s Chinatown officially became AsiaTown to account for the influx of other Asian immigrants who came to the area and expanded the neighborhoods from East 18th to East 40th streets and from St. Clair to Perkins avenues. This included Japanese Americans who were forcibly removed from their homes on the West Coast during World War II and Korean and Vietnamese refugees from the Cold War.
Today the highest Asian subgroup is Asian Indians, with the first wave coming in 1960 and consistently rising with each decade. This is attributed to the influx of engineers, and medical and business professionals that are in demand in the county, according to Dr. Poonam Bala, visiting scholar at Cleveland State University.
While most Asian American immigrants in the 20th century settled in Cleveland, a higher population has settled in the suburbs in modern-day.
In the United States, the Chinese population is the largest percentage of Asian descent, followed by Asian-Indian, the reverse of the people in Cleveland.
Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month was established in 1978 by a joint congressional resolution and lasted only for 10 days, known as Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week.
The dates were chosen to coincide with the first few days of May to commemorate the arrival of the first Japanese immigrants in the United States (May 7, 1843) and the completion of the transcontinental railroad (May 10, 1869), primarily built by Chinese workers to the building of the transcontinental railroad.
In 1992, Congress expanded Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week to the monthlong celebration that it is known as today.
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May 07, 2022 at 12:33AM
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History of Asian Americans in Cleveland and where most live now - AAPI Heritage Month - cleveland.com
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