Okinawans headed to the polls Sunday to choose a governor in an election that many see hinging on how voters feel about the American military presence on the southwestern Japanese islands.
The race among four candidates is close between two: an outspoken critic of the U.S. military presence and a ruling party-backed candidate pushing the status quo.
The winner succeeds Takeshi Onaga, who died in August of pancreatic cancer. He wanted the bases off Okinawa.
Denny Tamaki, a legislator, is pledging to continue with Onaga's "spirit.'' Atsushi Sakima, a mayor, wants to work with the national government to sort out the problem.
Okinawa houses about half of the 54,000 American troops stationed in Japan and makes for 64 percent of the land space used by the U.S. bases, under a bilateral security treaty, according to John S. Hutcheson, spokesman for the U.S. Forces in Japan.
The arrangement has long been protested by some as an unfair burden on Okinawa, which makes up less than 1 percent of Japan's land space.
Japan remains highly dependent on the U.S. for defense, but crimes by members of the military, including hit-and-runs as well as rapes, have outraged the people of Okinawa. They are also angry about noise pollution and the dangers of crashes from military aircraft.
Still, over the decades the livelihood of many people has become linked to the American troops.
Tamaki, whose mother is Japanese and whose father is a U.S. Marine he has never met, has often said he is a symbol of the predicament of his people.
``I can clearly state we no longer want in Okinawa the U.S. bases that destroy our peace and destroy our nature,'' Tamaki, 58, said during his campaign.
He has promised policies that care about "the weak," helping workers, students and those who face discrimination.
Before running for governor, Sakima, 54, was mayor of Ginowan, where the Marines air base called Futenma is located.
Futenma is at the center of the controversy over the government relocation plan for U.S. troops to less densely populated Henoko in Nago, Okinawa.
The planning dates back to the 1995 rape of a schoolgirl in which three U.S. servicemen were convicted. But the planning and construction of Henoko has repeatedly been delayed because of local opposition to the bases.
Some are also pointing to the threat that base construction, which includes a landfill, may bring to the environment, including to a coral reef and dugong and other marine life.
Sakima, who is backed by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's ruling Liberal Democratic Party, said he would work with the national government to minimize the U.S. military presence, especially in closing Futenma.
"I will work to move forward on dealing with the reduction of the U.S. troops that we have wanted so long," he said. "If I become governor, I will do my utmost so we can gain the understanding of the people about the Henoko problem."
Both candidates are promising to revive Okinawa, taking advantage of its cultural resources and rich potential as a resort destination.
Outside of Okinawa, the national government and public opinion appear to support strengthening Japan's security measures as it faces nuclear threats from North Korea and the growing military might of China. U.S. President Donald Trump's administration also has been pushing Japan to do more to defend itself.
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