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Thursday, November 30, 2017

Pope Ordains Priests in Bangladesh, to Meet Rohingya Refugees

Pope Francis ordained 16 priests during a Mass in Bangladesh on Friday, the start of a busy day that will bring him face-to-face with Rohingya Muslim refugees from Myanmar and the reality of Islamic extremism in South Asia.

An estimated 100,000 people gathered Friday in a Dhaka park for the service, which mirrored the ordination Mass St. John Paul II celebrated when he visited Bangladesh in 1986.

Later Friday, Francis is hosting an interfaith peace prayer alongside Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist and other Christian leaders in the garden of the archbishop’s residence. Francis has frequently used such events to demand that religion must never be used to justify violence, a message that will likely resonate in Bangladesh, which has experienced a series of attacks blamed on Muslim militants in recent years.

The Vatican said 18 Rohingya refugees from camps in Cox’s Bazar will be on hand at the event to greet the pope.

In Dhaka, Rohingya crisis

Upon his arrival in Dhaka on Thursday, Francis demanded the international community intervene to resolve the Rohingya crisis, which has seen more than 620,000 refugees flee Myanmar’s Rakhine state for Bangladesh in what the U.N. says is a textbook case of “ethnic cleansing.”

Francis, who had refrained from publicly raising the crisis while in Myanmar out of diplomatic deference to his hosts, didn’t identify the Rohingya by name, ethnicity or faith in his welcome speech alongside Bangladesh President Abdul Hamid. He referred only to “refugees from Rakhine state.” But his words were sharp.

“None of us can fail to be aware of the gravity of the situation, the immense toll of human suffering involved, and the precarious living conditions of so many of our brothers and sisters, a majority of whom are women and children, crowded in the refugee camps,” he said.

“It is imperative that the international community take decisive measures to address this grave crisis, not only by working to resolve the political issues that have led to the mass displacement of people, but also by offering immediate material assistance to Bangladesh in its effort to respond effectively to urgent human needs,” he said.

Bangladesh Catholics

On Friday, Francis’ attention turned toward Bangladesh’s tiny Catholic community, which represents a fraction of 1 percent of the majority Muslim population of 160 million.

Despite its small size, the Catholic Church runs a network of schools, orphanages and clinics and has enjoyed relative freedom in its work, though Christian missionaries working in Bangladesh, a Sunni-majority country, say they have received letters threatening dire consequences if they continue to spread Christianity.

In his homily ordaining the new priests, Francis thanked those who came out for the Mass, noting that some people traveled two days to attend.

“Thank you for your generosity,” Francis said. “This indicates the love that you have for the church.”

Recent religious attacks

The celebration took place in one of Dhaka’s best known parks, where in 1971, independence leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered a speech laying the groundwork for Bangladesh’s independence in a decisive moment for the country.

Bangladesh has traditionally enjoyed peaceful co-existence with its minorities, but in recent years several attacks blamed on extremists have targeted atheists, foreigners, Christians and even members of smaller Islamic sects.

The Islamic State group has claimed responsibility for the attacks, but the government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has rejected the claim, saying the group doesn’t exist in the country. The government has blamed the domestic group, Jumatul Mujahedeen Bangladesh, for the assaults.

Bangladesh’s security agencies launched a serious crackdown in July last year after five young men stormed a cafe in Dhaka’s diplomatic zone and killed 20 hostages, including 17 foreigners. To date, the agencies have killed about 60 commanding level suspected militants.

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Japan’s Emperor Akihito to Abdicate in 2019

Japanese Emperor Akihito will step down from the Chrysanthemum Throne April 30, 2019, the government announced Friday.

He will be succeeded by his eldest son, Crown Prince Naruhito.

The Imperial House Council made the decision Friday about the date of the abdication.

Last year, the emperor said he was becoming too old and frail to carry out his duties.

“When I consider that my fitness level is gradually declining, I am worried that it may become difficult for me to carry out my duties as the symbol of the state with my whole being, as I have done until now,” Akihito said in 2016 in a rare televised address to the nation.

In recent years, the emperor has had heart surgery, bronchitis and has been treated for prostate cancer.

Legislation was passed earlier this year allowing for the emperor’s abdication, but the timing of the move was left to the Imperial House Council, chaired by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.

Akihito will be the first emperor to abdicate the Chrysanthemum Throne in 200 years.

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Afghan Taliban Says IS Deputy Leader Has Joined Its Ranks

The Afghan Taliban on Thursday claimed that the deputy head of the Islamic State terrorist group in Afghanistan had joined Taliban ranks.

Qari Yousef Ahmadi, a Taliban spokesperson, said in a statement sent to media that Abdulrazaq Mehdi, deputy chief of the so-called Islamic State in Khorasan province (IS-K) in Afghanistan, had parted ways with IS and joined the Taliban.

The Taliban spokesperson also shared a recording of a taped interview with Mehdi in which he denounces IS's "cruel" acts in Afghanistan and calls the group an "anti-Islam and -Muslims" organization.

VOA was unable to independently verify the authenticity of the Taliban claim or the recording.

The Taliban statement said Mehid is a resident of western Farah province, but little is known about him because IS leaders use aliases. Wahid Muzhda, a Taliban expert in Kabul, told VOA that it was unclear whether Mehdi was indeed an Afghan national.

He added that the Taliban might want to "use him as propaganda to discredit IS."

Clashes, rivalry

The Taliban statement came amid a growing rivalry between the Taliban and IS in Afghanistan.

IS and Taliban militants have frequently clashed for control of districts and villages in eastern Nangarhar and northern Jouzjan provinces, where some local militants and foreign fighters associated with the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) — which has previously associated with al-Qaida and the Taliban in Afghanistan — recently joined Islamic State.

Fresh fighting between the two warring parties has displaced hundreds of families in Nangarhar's Khogyani district. Several civilians who were caught in the crossfire during recent clashes have been killed.

Besides battling with Taliban militants, IS fighters have repeatedly targeted Afghan villages and civilians. The group has destroyed homes, torched markets and barred children from attending school in areas under its control.

The IS Khorasan branch has also claimed responsibility for numerous deadly attacks in major Afghan cities, including attacks on mosques in the capital, Kabul.

IS's Khorasan province was formed by Hafiz Saeed Khan, a former Pakistani Taliban commander in the southern districts of Nangarhar. Khan appeared in a video in January 2015, along with 10 militant commanders — each representing a subregion within the Afghan-Pak region — pledging allegiance to IS.

Caliphate in Afghanistan

General John Nicholson, commander of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan, said Tuesday that IS's initial plan was to establish a caliphate in Afghanistan.

"Daesh has been unable to establish a caliphate in Afghanistan. This was their ambition two years ago," Nicholson told reporters at the Pentagon via teleconference from Afghanistan. He used an Arabic acronym for IS.

Nicholson said most IS fighters in Afghanistan are former members of the Pakistani Taliban group TTP, many of whom belong to the Orokzai tribe in Pakistan.

"These are primarily non-Afghans, some members of Islamic Movement Uzbekistan, and many former members of the Pakistani Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan," Nicholson said, adding that there has been no evidence of IS fighters making their way from Syria and Iraq to Afghanistan.

He said under the new U.S. policy for Afghanistan and South Asia, American and Afghan forces are increasingly targeting the IS terror group in the country.

"Since March, we have conducted about 1,400 ground tactical operations and strikes, removing over 1,600 Daesh from the battlefield and reducing over 600 of their structures, facilities, fighting positions, et cetera," he said.

IS ideology

The general added that the Afghan people have rejected the IS ideology and its presence.

"They [IS] are totally repugnant to the culture of Afghanistan. The majority of these fighters are non-Afghans. They are Pakistanis, they are Uzbeks, and they are others," Nicholson said. "Their brutality, their cruelty is totally against Afghan culture. They are rejected by the majority of Afghans. So we are seeing a minority of the fighters in Daesh are actually Afghans."

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Trump Administration Stops Short of Calling for Regime Change in North Korea

The Trump administration, after calling for all countries to cut ties with North Korea following its latest ballistic missile test, stopped short Thursday of advocating regime change in Pyongyang.

"This administration is focused on one big thing when it comes to North Korea, and that's denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. That's our number one priority," press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said in response to a VOA question at the daily White House briefing. "Anything beyond that is not the priority at this point."

Earlier in the day, President Donald Trump, however, appeared to suggest it was time for Kim Jong Un, the third-generation leader of his impoverished country, to be replaced.

"The Chinese Envoy, who just returned from North Korea, seems to have had no impact on Little Rocket Man," said Trump on Twitter. "Hard to believe his people, and the military, put up with living in such horrible conditions."

More pressure at U.N.

Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said Thursday that he was unwilling to conclude diplomacy has not worked with North Korea. He said the United States would be unrelenting in its activities at the United Nations to pressure North Korea.

America's diplomats are operating from a position of strength, according to Mattis, "because we do have military options."

The United States' U.N. ambassador, Nikki Haley, said Wednesday at an emergency meeting of the Security Council that all nations should cut diplomatic and economic ties with North Korea as part of a campaign to put maximum pressure on Pyongyang.

"We have well north of 20 countries who have done different things to jump on board with that campaign," State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said Thursday. "And I think the news that's coming out of Germany today is altogether positive."

Germany earlier in the day announced it was withdrawing a third diplomat from its embassy in Pyongyang, but not cutting diplomatic ties.

North Korea has released video showing leader Kim observing the launch of the new intercontinental ballistic missile, which blasted off Wednesday from north of the capital. It reached an altitude of 4,500 kilometers — more than 10 times higher than the orbit of the International Space Station — and traveled about 1,000 kilometers before splashing down into Japan's exclusive economic zone east of the Korean Peninsula.

Kim declared the launch a success, boasting the regime has "finally realized the great historic cause of completing the state nuclear force."

Haley warned Wednesday that the launch "brings the world closer to war, not further from it," and said that "if war comes, make no mistake, the North Korean regime will be utterly destroyed."

Haley said Trump had told his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, in a phone call that it was time for Beijing to cut off all oil exports to North Korea.

Economic sanctions

In September, the U.N. Security Council imposed tough economic sanctions aimed at cutting off financial and fuel lifelines to North Korea's nuclear and ballistic missile programs. Among the measures was a one-third cut in North Korea's oil imports, as well as drastic reductions in the amount of gas, diesel and heavy fuel oil it could import.

In a tweet Wednesday, Trump pledged to impose new, unilateral sanctions against North Korea, saying they would be announced that day. As of Thursday, they still had not be unveiled.

While speaking about tax reform in Missouri, Trump on Wednesday also took another dig at the North Korean leader, again calling him "Little Rocket Man" and describing Kim as a "sick puppy" (someone who is mentally disturbed).

"The United States and China will definitely tighten economic sanctions on North Korea. It is unavoidable and North Korea deserves it, particularly given that its development of the Hwasong-15 [missile] raises the threat level toward the international community and the United States," said Zhao Tong, a fellow at the Carnegie Tsinghua Center for Global Policy.

Zhao said there was little room left to impose new sanctions.

Cutting off oil "is something China will not take up lightly. Perhaps more restrictions can be placed on [North Korean] laborers [working in China], or they can be banned completely," he said.

Focus on denuclearization

China has already ordered the closure of North Korean businesses in the country and has told Chinese companies they cannot hire new workers from the North or renew contracts.

China's foreign ministry said it was still focused on denuclearization and getting all sides back to the negotiating table.

"China will completely and thoroughly carry out all resolutions regarding North Korea and its international responsibilities," including sanctions approved by the U.N., foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang told reporters Thursday.

VOA's Bill Ide in Beijing and Margaret Besheer at the United Nations contributed to this report.

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Pakistan: Talks Under Way With US to Bridge Differences on Afghan War

Pakistan says high-level discussions “away from public glare” are under way with the United States to bridge differences stemming from the new Afghan strategy U.S. President Donald Trump announced in August.

Pakistan did not agree with the U.S. policy because “there was a difference in understanding and perceptions on both sides,” said Foreign Ministry spokesman Mohammad Faisal Thursday, while discussing the dialogue process at his weekly news conference in Islamabad.

The policy focused on Pakistan’s alleged duplicity; receiving billions of dollars in U.S. assistance as a non-NATO ally for combating regional terrorism and covertly supporting the Taliban and the Haqqani terrorist network waging deadly attacks on Afghan and U.S.-led allied forces in Afghanistan.

Islamabad promptly rejected the accusations, saying the country is being scapegoated for U.S. military failures in stabilizing Afghanistan and defeating the Taliban.

“Pakistan and the U.S. are actively engaged in discussing the situation in Afghanistan with a view to arriving at a better understanding of each other’s positions and to devise the way forward, to promote peace and stability in Afghanistan,” Faisal said.

The spokesman also said U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis will continue the interaction during a trip to Islamabad. He did not say when, but the Pentagon chief will be visiting the country on December 3, according to Pakistani Foreign Minister Khawaja Asif. The Pentagon has not confirmed the date.

U.S. officials are also critical of alleged ties between the Pakistani spy agency, ISI, and the Haqqani network, whose leaders are accused of directing violence in Afghanistan from their alleged sanctuaries in Pakistan.

The top U.S. military commander in Afghanistan, General John Nicholson, on Thursday told reporters Washington is in talks with Islamabad to press the latter to cut those ties.

“This is a conversation that is going on between Washington and Islamabad at the highest levels of the U.S. government. So, I would not talk about the next steps that we will take. But you can be assured that my government, the United States, is putting pressure on Pakistan, this is diplomatic pressure, economic pressure,” Nicholson said.

The U.S. general cited a deadly truck bombing he said the Haqqani network plotted in the high-security diplomatic zone of the Afghan capital, Kabul, in May of this year. The attack left more than 150 people dead and many more wounded. Embassies of nine countries were also damaged, according to Nicholson.

“They [the Haqqanis] are not only attacking innocent Afghan people, they have also been attacking the international forces and diplomats that are here to help the Afghan people. So, all of these nations have been going back to Pakistan,” noted the general.

While testifying before a congressional committee in October, Mattis said the U.S. would try “one more time” to make the Afghan strategy work with Pakistan, “and if our best efforts fail, the president is prepared to take whatever steps are necessary.”

Pakistani officials maintain that their counterterrorism efforts have reduced the threat in the region and the country is not supporting any warring faction in Afghanistan.

Pakistan says camps set up for millions of Afghan refugees have been used as shelters by insurgents to plot attacks on both sides of the border. Islamabad does not rule out the presence of Afghan insurgents on its side.

They say unleashing a counter-militancy operation on the displaced population would amount to bringing the Afghan war to Pakistani soil at a time when the country is already fighting anti-state militants.

Critics, however, rule out a total collapse in bilateral relations over persistent tensions. They point to major ground and air lines of communications through Pakistan that have been used for years to send supplies to thousands of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan.

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Thousands Flee Bali Volcano but Some Stay Put or Run to It

When an enormous volcano belches ash and the people who live around it flee, you get out too, right? Probably. But apparently not always.

The compelling impulse to see an aggressive and majestic show of nature, and to record an uncontrollable force, is motivating some visitors to the tropical island of Bali to stick around for a while rather than just head for the nearest airport.

Take Mark Levitin. He's not going anywhere. The activity inside Mount Agung is the 12th volcanic eruption he's witnessed up close.

"It's just beautiful. I like the power of them," said the lanky 39-year-old, who grew up in Russia and Israel.

"We're living on what is essentially a huge bowl of magma with a very thin crust," Levitin said. "Even the place we call home is mostly hot enough to vaporize us in an instant."

Many foreigners are making haste to leave the idyllic Indonesian island after its airport, shut for 2 days due to drifting ash, reopened on Wednesday afternoon, providing what could prove to be a brief window to depart by air for tens of thousands who were stranded.

Some airlines are advising people who'd already booked travel to Bali that they can cancel, defer or change their destination because the airport could easily be forced to close again by a bigger eruption or by the billowing columns of ash moving back in its direction. Its last major eruptions, in 1963, killed about 1,100 people and the volcano didn't quiet down for a year.

But leaving is not the agenda for Mariano Gonzales, a polyglot travel guide from the Canary Islands, who to his surprise was turned away from an ash-covered hotel he arrived at three days into his two-week Bali vacation.

"I was a little bit shocked because everybody was a little bit stressy because they saw me arriving with my bags and I didn't know anything about this volcano," said Gonzales, who is now staying in Amed, a picturesque fishing village with a spectacular view of the smoking volcano about 15 kilometers (9 miles) away.

He said he tried to get closer to the mountain but was turned back at a checkpoint.

"We feel comfortable. We're enjoying our beer and this beautiful view," said Gonzales, sitting cliff side at the Sunset Point bar that has a panorama of the cone-shaped mountain, the Bali sea and rows of brightly painted fishing boats below.

"We are not scared about it. It's a nature thing. If it has to happen it will happen so nobody will stop it," he said.

Indonesian disaster officials ordered 100,000 people to leave the exclusion zone that in places extends 10 kilometers from the crater after the mountain began violently erupting on Saturday.

Since then it has gushed ash almost continuously, hurling the gray-back columns of dust, steam and smoke 4,000 meters (13,200 feet) high and glowing a menacing red at night as lava wells up inside. Lahars of muddy volcanic debris have flowed down its sides through some villages.

Though many Balinese did heed the officials and leave the immediate danger zone, some feel they have no choice but to keep farming their lands in the volcano's shadow.

Katut Wiri and her family were planting crops Thursday in an area that authorities warn would be in the path of hot ash clouds and mudflows during a major eruption.

"If I'm not planting these fields, somebody might come and claim it and start farming on it. So I won't have any land to farm," said the mother of three. "So that's why I came and started planting."

Two light brown Bali cows dragged a rustic plough that turned over the dark soil made fertile by other eruptions decades and centuries ago. Wiri and her mother-in-law poked the tilled dirt with sticks and expertly aimed seeds at the small holes while smoothing the earth over the incipient crop with their feet.

"Yes I'm afraid. I feel really nervous. My heart pounds. Seeing the condition of the volcano frightened me," said Wiri.

Levitin, who said volcanos are a sideline to his main interest of photographing shamanic rituals, believes the Amed area, though close to the volcano, is protected by its geographic features such as ridges.

"My first volcano was almost 20 years ago in Costa Rica. Almost killed me," he said. "I had no experience and didn't know how to do it and I almost walked right into a bombardment of volcanic rocks."

But, he adds, in the unlikely event an eruption is huge beyond any expectations, nowhere on Bali would be safe.

"If you see a hot cloud coming toward you the best thing you can do is start praying because it's basically too late to do anything else."

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Fighting Between Taliban, IS Expands to New Afghan Territory

Days of fierce clashes between the Taliban and Islamic State terrorists in eastern Afghanistan are reported to have spilled over to adjoining areas, with both sides suffering heavy casualties.

The fighting erupted earlier this week in the Khogyani district of Nangarhar province after IS militants assaulted Taliban-held areas. The clashes forced hundreds of civilians to flee their homes to avoid being caught in the crossfire between the militant groups.

A regional Afghan military spokesman confirmed to VOA the battlefield gains encouraged IS militants to stage overnight assaults against Taliban positions in the adjoining Alingar district of Laghman province, sparking heavy clashes there.

“The fighting has left two key Taliban commanders dead, but we do not have immediate information about IS losses,” he said Thursday.

Provincial officials reported the Taliban is trying to bring in reinforcements from nearby districts in Laghman, while Daesh (IS) militants are also trying to reach the battleground from the group’s major redoubts in Nangarhar and Kunar, another eastern Afghan province where IS is attempting to increase its influence.

But when contacted by VOA a Taliban spokesman said the insurgent group is fighting government forces in Alingar and claimed Daesh does not exist in the area.

On Wednesday, the insurgent group accused Afghan and U.S. forces of conducting airstrikes against Taliban positions while it was battling militants from the rival group in Khogyani, enabling IS to make territorial advances.

While clashes between the two militant groups routinely occur in parts of Nangarhar, including Khogyani, IS loyalists have for the first time entered Laghman since their emergence in Afghanistan in early 2015 in Nangarhar under the local name of IS-Khorasan Province, or ISK-P.

Meanwhile, officials in the eastern Afghan province of Logar said Thursday they have arrested 11 Chechen nationals, including women and children, and seized weapons from them.

A provincial government spokesman told VOA an investigation is under way to determine the loyalties of the detainees, from where they arrived in Afghanistan, and what was their mission.

The arrests came a month after at least eight Chechens were killed in fighting with Afghan forces in an another district of Logar. Local politicians say the number of suspected IS foreign fighters has lately increased in the province.

The Afghan branch of the Middle Eastern terrorist group has been from the outset under attack from U.S.-backed Afghan security forces and the Taliban.

IS has also claimed responsibility for numerous recent suicide bombings and other terrorist attacks against Afghan forces and worship places of the minority Shi’ite community, killing hundreds of people.

Afghan officials and residents have also reported IS is expanding its footprints northward in Afghanistan. The commander of U.S. forces in the country, General John Nicholson, on Tuesday, for the first time, backed those reports, saying IS is now active in the northern province of Jowzjan, which borders the Central Asian state of Turkmenistan.

The Afghan province is known for harboring the extremist Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, which pledged allegiance to IS’s Afghan branch in 2015.

“We are seeing Daesh presence in Kunar and Jowzjan. These are two other provinces, but we think those numbers [of IS fighters] there are small, 300 or less in those areas,” said Nicholson.

The general noted that a “lion’s share” of American airstrikes, increased threefold since August when President Donald Trump unveiled his Afghan war strategy, have focused on IS and significantly reduced the number of its fighters in the country. "But it is like a balloon. We squeeze them in this area, and they will try to move out elsewhere,” explained the U.S. general.

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US Presses China to Show Leadership on N. Korea, Cut Oil Exports

In the wake of North Korea’s latest and most advanced missile test to date, the United States has urged China to show leadership and do something it has so far been unwilling to do - cut off Pyongyang’s oil supply.

Analysts said that while that option remains a step the Chinese still appear unwilling to take, it is something they increasingly need to consider.

“The United States and China will definitely tighten economic sanctions on North Korea. It is unavoidable and North Korea deserves it, particularly given that its development of the Hwasong-15 [missile], raises the threat level toward the international community and the United States,” said Zhao Tong, a fellow at the Carnegie Tsinghua Center for Global Policy.

Zhao said that when it comes to sanctions there is little room left.

“Oil is something China will not take up lightly. Perhaps more restrictions can be placed on [North Korean] laborers [working in China] or they can be banned completely,” he said.

China has already ordered the closure of North Korean businesses in the country and told Chinese companies they cannot hire new workers from the North or renew contracts.

Oil impact

Oil, however, has always been the one commodity Beijing has approached with extreme caution.

Still, it is a question that China will have to carefully consider, said Jia Qingguo, a political science professor at Peking University.

“If oil is cut off completely, it could lead to bigger economic problems in North Korea and even political instability. North Korea could turn chaotic,” he said. “The first thing that China is concerned about when it comes to North Korea is the development of nuclear weapons; the second, is how it can avoid any chaos [on the peninsula] that could lead to war.”

Speaking at the United Nations Wednesday, U.S. Ambassador Nikki Haley said Washington is looking to China’s President Xi Jinping to take a stand.

“We believe he has an opportunity to do the right thing for the benefit of all countries. China must show leadership and follow through. China can do this on its own, or we can take the oil situation into our own hands,” Haley said.

China's focus

For its part, China’s Foreign Ministry said Thursday that it was still focused on denuclearization and getting all sides back to the negotiating table.

Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said China would continue to do everything possible to help reach that goal and that it would fully implement sanctions already approved by the United Nations.

“China will completely and thoroughly carry out all resolutions regarding North Korea and its international responsibilities,” Geng said.

In sharp contrast, however, comments in China’s state media about the latest test and sanctions were more direct, with some even putting the blame for the launch on the United States.

An editorial in the China Daily argued that the latest test may have been prompted by the Trump administration’s decision to label North Korea a sponsor of state terrorism.

Beijing wants the two "belligerents" to calm down and is vexed that a golden opportunity to encourage Pyongyang into talks was "casually wasted" by the Trump administration, the paper said.

"The clock is ticking down to one of two choices: learning to live with the DPRK having nuclear weapons or triggering a tripwire to the worst case scenario," it added.

An article in the Communist Party-backed Global Times urged the United States to take what it called a more temperate approach.
“It is time the U.S. realized that increasing and tightening sanctions already in place will not have the desired effect. Since yesterday, Pyongyang has never been this confident. Condemnations from the U.N. Security Council and the new sanctions that may follow will solve nothing,” the article said.

Daniel Pinkston, a North Korea scholar at Troy University in Seoul, said that regardless of their impact, more pressure on Pyongyang is needed.

“Any kind of economic sanctions or trade embargoes or things like that should be imposed and should be very robust,” Pinkston said. “Even if it doesn’t change North Korean behavior, it does not cause them or compel them to abandon their nuclear missile programs. We need to do it for third party observers as well.”

And it is not just sanctions where cooperation is needed.

Peking University’s Jia Qingguo said that in addition to tightening sanctions, China and the United States will need to find ways to cooperate in a wide range of areas.

“If there is a crisis in North Korea, both sides have their own backup plans. These sorts of things are a part of that wider range of cooperation and should be discussed so that the United States and China can avoid military conflict,” Jia said.

Daniel Schearf in Seoul and Joyce Huang contributed to this story.

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More Than Half the World’s Population Lacks Social Protection

The International Labor Organization says a majority of the world’s population, four billion people, have no social protection, leaving them mired in an endless cycle of poverty.

The report says 45 percent of the global population is covered by at least one social benefit. But that leaves 55 percent without any social protection, a situation ILO Director General Guy Ryder calls unacceptable.

"That means that they do not receive any child benefit, any maternity benefit, any unemployment protection, any disability benefit, any old age pension and that they do not actively contribute to social security systems," Ryder said.

The consequences are severe and tangible. The report finds the lack of social protection leaves people vulnerable to illness, poverty, inequality and social exclusion. The ILO regards the situation as a significant obstacle to economic growth and social development.

Ryder tells VOA governments would benefit from considering social protection as an investment in their populations.

“Social protection is a human right and we should be pursuing it because it is a human right," Ryder said. "But, also, I think there is a great deal of evidence to demonstrate that when social protection systems are in place and where they function well and one can think of the whole cycle of protection from kids right through to old age, then you reap economic benefits from it.”

The report says the lack of social protection is most acute in Africa, Asia, and the Arab States. It recommends those regions increase their public expenditure to at least guarantee basic social security coverage to all their people.

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North Korean Boat With 10 Crewmen Found Drifting off Japan

Ten North Koreans have been rescued after their boat was found in the waters off the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido.

A Japanese coast guard vessel spotted the wooden boat earlier this week drifting in rough seas. The crewmen said they had sought shelter at a nearby island due to stormy weather. Coast Guard officials said the North Korean boat was being towed to a safer area.

The boat was the latest of dozens of dilapidated North Korean vessels that wash up on Japanese islands each year. More than 50 North Korean vessels have been discovered this year, compared to 66 last year. Monday, 10 bodies were found inside a dilapidated boat that had washed up on the northern island of Akita.

Eight North Koreans claiming to be fishermen were discovered alive in their shipwrecked boat earlier this week.

The boats are operated by fishermen who are prompted by North Korea to sail far out to sea in small, poorly equipped boats for bigger catches to provide food for the impoverished country.

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China's Xi Praises Obama's Efforts to Build US-China Ties

State media say Chinese President Xi Jinping praised former U.S. president Barack Obama's efforts to develop relations between the two countries during his visit to the Asian nation.

The official Xinhua News Agency said Thursday that Obama met on Wednesday with Xi at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing and discussed bilateral ties.

Xinhua said Xi “made positive comments” about Obama's efforts to develop relations between the nations when he was president of the United States.

Obama's three-country tour this week will also include meetings with the leader of India. He will mix paid speeches with meetings with foreign leaders and a town hall event for young people.

Obama is to finish the trip in France, where he will give one of several speeches planned during the trip.

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Anti-Duterte Protests Staged in Philippine Capital

A coalition of leftist groups gathered in Manila Thursday to protest President Rodrigo Duterte's recent suggestions that he will assume sole power of the Pacific archipelago.

About 1,000 protesters will march from historic Bonifacio Square to the Mendiola Peace Arch to stage a rally against Duterte's government.

Duterte has threatened recently to declare a so-called revolutionary government, which allows the president to consolidate authority in his hands, essentially canceling the constitution and dissolving the government.

The groups say Duterte's comments are nothing more than plans to establish a dictatorship.

Supporters of the controversial president will hold a rally of their own at the Mendiola Peace Arch Thursday.

The demonstrations are being held on the holiday that celebrates the birth of Andres Bonifacio, the man who led the Philippines independence movement against Spanish colonial rule in the late 1890s.

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What North Korea’s Photos Say About Its Ballistic Missile

North Korea released dozens of photos Thursday of the Hwasong-15, a new intercontinental ballistic missile it claims can reach any target in the continental United States. The photo dump, published in the paper and online editions of the ruling party’s official daily, is a goldmine for rocket experts trying to parse reality from bluster.

Their general conclusion is that it’s bigger, more advanced and comes with a domestically made mobile launcher that will make it harder than ever to pre-emptively destroy. But there’s a potentially major catch: it might not have the power to go much farther than the West Coast if it is loaded down with a real nuclear warhead, not a dummy like the one it carried in its test launch Wednesday.

Here’s a closer look:

The missile

The North’s new missile appears to be significantly bigger than the Hwasong-14 ICBM it tested twice in July. Note how it dwarfs North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, who stands about 170 centimeters (5 feet 7 inches) tall. In a tweet just after the photos were published, Michael Duitsman, a researcher at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies in Monterey, California, said: “This is very big missile ... And I don’t mean ‘Big for North Korea.’ Only a few countries can produce missiles of this size, and North Korea just joined the club.” Size is important because a missile targeting the United States would have to carry a lot of fuel. Duitsman also suggested the new ICBM appears to have a different engine arrangement and improved steering.

The launcher

North Korea boasted repeatedly in its announcement of the launch Wednesday that the Hwasong-15 was fired from a domestically made erector-launcher vehicle. Its photos back that up. Being able to make its own mobile launch vehicles, called TELs, frees the North from the need to get them from other countries, like China, which is crucial considering the tightening of international sanctions that Pyongyang faces. TELs make it easier to move missiles around and launch them from remote, hard-to-predict locations. That makes finding and destroying the Hwasong-15 before a launch more difficult.

The payload

North Korea claims the Hwasong-15 can carry a “super-heavy” nuclear payload to any target in the mainland United States. The re-entry vehicle, that nose cone in the photo, does indeed look quite large. But the heavier the load the shorter the range. Michael Elleman, a leading missile expert, has suggested in the respected 38 North blog that Hwasong-15’s estimated 13,000-kilometer (8,100 mile) range assumes a payload of around 150 kilograms (330 pounds), which is probably much lighter than any real nuclear payload the North can produce. To get to the West Coast, the North needs to keep that weight down to 500 kilograms (1,100 pounds). Whether it can do that remains questionable.

“Kim Jong Un’s nuclear bomb must weigh less than 350 kilograms (800 pounds) if he expects to strike the western edges of the U.S. mainland,” Elleman estimated. “A 600-kilogram (1,300-pound) payload barely reaches Seattle.”

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Pakistani Officials Say Four People Killed in Suspected US Drone Strike

A suspected U.S. drone strike on Thursday targeted a hideout of the Haqqani militant network along Pakistan’s mountainous border with Afghanistan, killing four people, officials said.

If confirmed, it would be the fourth such U.S. strike inside Pakistan since President Donald Trump took office in January.

Two Pakistani intelligence officials and a local government officer said an unmanned aerial vehicle dropped two missiles on a compound housing militants under the command of a senior network commander, Abdur Rasheed Haqqani.

Villagers initially reported a blast in the Upper Kurram area to authorities, said one of the officials, adding, “We got it from our informant later that it was a U.S. drone strike that targeted Haqqanis.”

It was not clear if the commander was among those killed, added the officials, who sought anonymity as the issue is a sensitive one.

Trump’s new strategy for the Afghanistan war calls for a tougher stance with Pakistan against militants such as the Haqqani network who have bases inside Pakistan.

Since the Afghan policy review, the U.S. has been pushing Islamabad for decisive action against the Haqqani network militants, who are notorious for using Pakistani soil to launch attacks against American-led NATO troops in Afghanistan.

Islamabad denies the allegations, and, instead, blames Kabul for not taking out militants who use Afghan territory as a base for attacks on targets in Pakistan.

Pakistan has been facing a deadly Islamist militancy for more than a decade. Gunmen attacked a minority Shi’ite Muslim mosque in Islamabad, the capital, on Wednesday, killing two people.

Lashkar-e-Jhangvi al-Alami, a Sunni sectarian group linked with militant group Islamic State, claimed responsibility for the mosque attack.

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As Bali Volcano Glows, Thousands of Villagers Refuse to Leave

Tens of thousands of villagers on the Indonesian holiday island of Bali are refusing to evacuate from a 10-kilometer (six-mile) danger zone around an erupting volcano, putting their fate in the hands of the gods or staying put to protect homes and livestock.

The glowing, 3,000-meter Mount Agung, considered sacred by many on the Hindu-majority island, started spewing huge columns of ash over the weekend and there have been constant tremors and volcanic mud flows since.

Search and rescue teams making daily forays into the zone say some are refusing to leave their cattle unattended, while others have spiritual reasons.

Evacuation orders clear

“The government has been clear about evacuation orders, but some people are slow to act or want to stay,” said Gede Ardana, head of Bali’s search and rescue agency. “We cannot force them — but we will be held responsible, so we need to convince them.”

For cattle farmer Ketut Suwarte, there was no question of staying put.

“There was thick ash falling around us and we could smell sulfur. We were scared and we decided to leave immediately,” said Suwarte, 47, now staying in an evacuation camp just outside the danger zone.

Suwarte’s father recalls the last time Mount Agung exploded, in 1963, killing about 1,000 people as pyroclastic flows, made up of hot gas and volcanic matter, raced down the mountain.

Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, of the disaster mitigation agency, said about 43,000 people had heeded advice to take shelter, but with an estimated population of 90,000 to 100,000 in the danger area, many had not.

Ika Wardani, 33, sleeps with her family at an evacuation center at night but during the day returns to her cattle farm about 10 kilometers north of the volcano.

‘They are stubborn’

“During the day at least we can see the volcano. But we’re uncomfortable sleeping here at night because an earthquake or loud explosion would cause panic,” she said. “We would have to drive our motorbikes at night and the roads are narrow so it’s safer to spend the nights at the evacuation center.”

She says there are people only five kilometers from the crater who have refused to evacuate.

“They are stubborn,” she said. “Some of them survived 1963 so they believe it’s all right now.”

The government has set up radio stations and chat groups on social media to warn people of the risks.

Dangerous decision

“Many people have made the decision to stay inside the exclusion zone, and that is clearly very dangerous,” said Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, a spokesman for the disaster management agency.

Others, including tourists, are taking unnecessary risks by trying to take selfies as close as possible, officials say. Last month, a Frenchman shared a video of himself at the crater’s edge on social media.

In September, when authorities first raised the warning alert to the highest level, an exclusion zone of up to 12 kilometers was imposed, prompting nearly 150,000 to leave, but when no major eruption occurred, many returned and the warning status was lowered.

When authorities again raised the warning level this week, many were reluctant to move again.

“If (Mount Agung) follows the most frequent trend, it is likely to continue increasing in explosivity, but at what rate and how large, nobody knows,” said Dr Carmen Solana, a volcanologist at the University of Portsmouth.

President Joko Widodo on Wednesday urged people to leave the exclusion zone before it’s too late. “There must not be any victims,” he said.

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Wednesday, November 29, 2017

Americans Arrested for Baring Buttocks at Thai Temple

Two Americans are being held in a prison in Thailand for taking a nude “butt selfie” in front of a renowned Buddhist temple.

Joseph Dasilva, 38, and Travis Dasilva, 36, of San Diego, California, were arrested this week at an airport in the capital, Bangkok.

“The two American citizens have admitted taking the picture,” district police chief Jaruphat Thongkomol said.

The offending photo, taken at Bangkok’s Wat Arun, or Temple of the Dawn, was posted on the pair’s popular travel Instagram account, which followed their adventures, and bare bottoms, at famous locales all over the globe.

The account had more than 14,000 followers, but by Wednesday it had been deleted.

Travis and Joseph Dasilva admitted to baring their behinds in front of the temple and were fined $154 each for public nudity, authorities said.

"Once they are through with the charges, the Thai immigration police will revoke their visas and push for deportation," the police chief said. "They will also be blacklisted from coming back to Thailand."

People visiting Buddhist sites in Thailand are expected to dress modestly, and signs advise them to cover their shoulders and legs. Tourists are also told to not buy statues or images of Buddha as souvenirs.

In 2015, four European tourists received jail terms and fines in Malaysia for posing seminude on Mount Kinabalu, which is considered sacred.

Also in 2015, two American women were arrested, fined and deported for taking nude photographs inside Cambodia's Angkor Wat complex.

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US Envoy Haley Warns Latest DPRK Launch Brings World Closer to War

U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Nikki Haley warned Wednesday that North Korea’s latest intercontinental ballistic missile launch “brings the world closer to war, not further from it.”

“We have never sought war with North Korea and still today we do not seek it,” Haley told an emergency meeting of the U.N. Security Council. But she warned that if there is war, it will be because of continued acts of aggression like the missile launch.

“And if war comes, make no mistake, the North Korean regime will be utterly destroyed,” she added.

She also called on U.N. member states to cut ties with Pyongyang. “All countries should sever diplomatic relations with North Korea and limit military, scientific, technical or commercial cooperation,” she said.

Haley said President Donald Trump told his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, in a phone call earlier in the day that the time has come for Beijing to cut off all oil exports to North Korea.

“In 2003, China actually stopped the oil to North Korea; soon after, North Korea came to the [negotiating] table,” Haley said.

In September, the U.N. Security Council imposed tough economic sanctions aimed at cutting off financial and fuel lifelines to North Korea’s nuclear and ballistic missile programs. Among the measures was a one-third cut of North Korea’s oil imports, as well as drastic reductions to the amount of gas, diesel and heavy fuel oil it could import.

New U.S. sanctions expected

In a tweet earlier Wednesday, President Trump pledged to impose new unilateral sanctions against the rogue Asian nation.

“We want to do everything we can to put maximum pressure on North Korea,” White House Press Secretary Sarah Sanders said in response to a question from VOA about whether the administration believes the new sanctions will be effective.

“We’re going to continue doing that in every way possible -- both diplomatically, economically and working with our partners and allies and ask them to step up and do more in this process, as well,” she said.

Later Wednesday, while speaking about tax reform in the Midwestern state of Missouri, Trump took another dig at North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, calling him "Little Rocket Man" and describing him as a "sick puppy."

U.S. lawmakers react

The ranking Democratic member on the House Intelligence Committee, Adam Schiff, noting that North Korea will soon have the capability of delivering a nuclear weapon to American shores said “it’s well past time” for the administration to use whatever diplomatic strategy it has.

“And if they do not, they need to develop one fast, as the military options are nothing short of disastrous, said the lawmaker Wednesday.

That sentiment was echoed by the top Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Committee.

“Yesterday, the bluster continued as the president uttered his third ‘redline’ to address the North Korea nuclear challenge, but so far has failed to put in place the people or strategy that could do just that,” Congressman Eliot Engel said.

Rising threat

The missile launched early Wednesday morning north of Pyongyang reached an altitude of 4,500 kilometers – more than 10 times higher than the orbit of the International Space Station – before splashing into Japan’s exclusive economic zone east of the Korean peninsula about 1,000 kilometers from its launch site.

It was Pyongyang’s third ICMB test this year and its 20th ballistic missile launch of 2017.

The test represents a key accomplishment for Pyongyang's missile program, and shows it can send rockets higher and further than ever before, according to U.S. officials and analysts.

“It went higher frankly than any previous shot they have taken,” U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said Tuesday. “It's a research-and-development effort on their part to continue building ballistic missiles that can threaten everywhere in the world basically.”

Each missile launch or atomic weapons test by Pyongyang highlights the risks of a very dangerous nuclear flashpoint, said Robert Manning, a senior fellow on international security at the Atlantic Council.

“The North Korean nuclear problem is part of a larger Korea question, the last vestige of the Cold War,” Manning said. “It holds the potential to reshape geopolitics in East Asia toward either a more cooperative future or a confrontational one. The risks of nuclear war and proliferation, chaos in North Korea, and how the eventual reunification of the Korean Peninsula occurs are likely to have a transformative impact on U.S.-Chinese relations, U.S. alliances with the Republic of Korea and Japan, and the strategic equation in the region and beyond.”

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US, China Hold Quiet Military Talks Amid North Korea Tensions

U.S. and Chinese generals engaged in an unusual set of security talks on Wednesday, just hours after North Korea's most powerful missile test yet, focused on how the mighty American and Chinese militaries might communicate in a crisis.

As President Donald Trump greeted the North's launching of another intercontinental ballistic missile with familiar demands for China to get tougher with its ally, the low-profile and unpublicized meeting at the National Defense University in Washington was taking place amid signs China is more willing to discuss how the two world powers would manage an even worse emergency on the divided Korean Peninsula.

The Pentagon stressed the talks were scheduled long before North Korea’s surprise missile launch in the early hours Wednesday in Asia. Officials insisted the dialogue wasn’t centered on North Korea or anything else in particular.

Change in plans

Trump has vowed to prevent North Korea from having the capability to strike the U.S. mainland with a nuclear-tipped missile — using military force if necessary. He is running out of time: Some experts said the missile fired on a high trajectory that splashed down in the Sea of Japan showed North Korea’s ability to strike Washington and the entire U.S. Eastern Seaboard.

The threat of a military confrontation is making China rethink its resistance to discussing contingencies involving North Korea, according to experts.

Such discussions have long been off-limits for Beijing, which fought on North Korea’s side against the United States in the 1950-53 Korean War and remains its treaty ally.

In a phone conversation with Trump on Wednesday, Chinese President Xi Jinping reiterated his desire for a diplomatic resolution to the standoff with North Korea.

Modest goals

Objectives for Wednesday’s military consultations appeared modest.

“The engagement will serve as an opportunity to discuss how to manage crises, prevent miscalculations, and reduce the risk of misunderstanding,” the office of Gen. Joseph Dunford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told The Associated Press in a statement.

The U.S. and China agreed on the talks when Dunford met with his Chinese counterpart in Beijing in August. While in China, Dunford observed a Chinese military drill at Shenyang, about 120 miles from the North Korean border — an unusual stop for an official visit.

Wednesday’s talks were being led by Lt. Gen. Richard Clarke, the Joint Chiefs’ planning director, and Maj. Gen. Shao Yuanming, a senior Chinese military official. They’re especially noteworthy given the deep strategic mistrust between the U.S. and China, and Beijing’s increasing challenge to America’s post-World War II dominance in the Asia-Pacific.

China has been more explicit in saying what the talks are about.

Fear of a conflict

Yao Yunzhu, a retired general who specializes in U.S.-Chinese defense relations at China’s Academy of Military Science, said this summer they should include Northeast Asia, where North Korea is located. She also mentioned the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea.

Yun Sun, an expert on Chinese foreign policy at the Stimson Center think tank, said Dunford raised North Korean contingencies at the August meeting and the two sides discussed the potential danger of a conflict or a nuclear disaster. U.S. officials wouldn’t confirm that account. Sun said she anticipated those talks would continue Wednesday.

While such discussions have occurred in recent years among non-government experts, they hadn’t yet happened at official levels.

New willingness from China

However, Oriana Skylar Mastro, a Georgetown University professor, said her Chinese contacts indicated willingness to broach North Korea contingencies in the military dialogue.

“Things are shifting right now in both China and the United States. There seems to be an opening,” said Mastro. She expected the talks would still be at a preliminary stage.

“This type of discussion is difficult among friends. It’s much more difficult between potential adversaries, but absolutely necessary,” Mastro said. “The type of war that might break out (with North Korea) is one that would be more costly than anything that generations of Americans have experienced.”

South Korea concerns

Political limitations exist on both sides, making some experts skeptical that progress would be made or even that North Korean contingencies would be addressed at all. The U.S. must be wary of offending South Korea, which isn’t in the dialogue. China risks further alienating a paranoid ally at a time Beijing is supporting increasingly tough U.N. sanctions on North Korea’s economy in response to its missile and nuclear tests.

“The Chinese side is very worried that if North Korea gets word it might turn them into a hostile neighbor,” said Frank Aum, a former Pentagon adviser on North Korea.

Chinese opinions are divided. But in a sign of growing antipathy toward Pyongyang, some Chinese intellectuals have called for radical policy change. Not only is North Korea a liability for China's global standing, it also poses a nuclear risk on its doorstep.

Loose nukes

A collapse of North Korea’s state, or another crisis, could push Beijing into conflict with the U.S. and South Korea. Bonnie Glaser, an Asia expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, mentioned North Korean nuclear facilities within 50 miles of the Chinese border, and said both sides could try to secure loose nukes.

There have been grave miscommunications before. Abraham Denmark, a former senior U.S. military official for East Asia, cited the run-up to the Korean War, when Washington thought Beijing knew it would not seek to invade China; the Chinese thought the Americans knew that if U.S. forces advanced north of the 38th parallel into North Korea, China would intervene.

“Both sides at the time thought that they were being extremely clear, but neither side had any idea of what was going on,” Denmark said. “That suggests to me that both sides need to be very up front with one another.”

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Burning Chilies Drive Elephants Away from African Farmers' Crops

Burning bricks made of dry chili, dung and water could stop endangered elephants raiding crops in Africa and Asia, reducing conflicts with farmers trying to secure harvests to feed their families, experts said Wednesday.

Resin from crushed dry chilies irritates elephants' trunks, acting as a repellent, said a study in northern Botswana, published in the journal Oryx.

"This is an excellent non-lethal and low-cost opportunity for local farmers to keep elephants away from their crops," Rocio Pozo, a researcher at the University of Oxford, said in a statement.

The findings could help to protect elephants, whose population in Africa has plummeted in the last decade due to ivory poaching.

Lines of chilies could be used to separate farms from elephant paths, teaching the animals which routes were safe to use, said Anna Songhurst, director of the Botswana-based Ecoexist and co-author of the study.

Botswana has the largest population of African elephants, and in the eastern Okavango Panhandle, where Ecoexist works, an equal number of animals and humans — 15,000 of each — compete over water, food and land.

"For an individual farmer, their whole year's supply of food for the whole family could be destroyed in just one night," Songhurst told Reuters by phone.

The study is part of a wider strategy to reduce human-elephant conflicts, including providing food security for the animals as well as humans, she added.

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US Imposing Yet More Sanctions on N. Korea in Response to Latest ICBM Test

U.S. President Donald Trump said Wednesday that the United States would respond to North Korea’s latest intercontinental ballistic missile test flight by slapping more sanctions on Pyongyang.

Trump mentioned new “major sanctions” in a tweet and said they would be unveiled later in the day. Administration officials declined to provide details when asked by reporters.

“We want to do everything we can to put maximum pressure on North Korea,” White House press secretary Sarah Sanders said in response to a question from VOA about whether the administration thought the new sanctions would be effective. “We’re going to continue doing that in every way possible — both diplomatically, economically, and working with our partners and allies and ask them to step up and do more in this process as well.”

In a tweet Wednesday, Trump said he had spoken with Chinese President Xi Jinping about the "provocative actions" of North Korea. He again vowed that the "situation will be handled," but did not elaborate.

"President Trump underscored the determination of the United States to defend ourselves and our allies from the growing threat posed by the North Korean regime," the White House said in a statement on the call with Xi.

The readout also said Trump "emphasized the need for China to use all available levers to convince North Korea to end its provocations and return to the path of denuclearization."

Speaking to reporters on the way to Missouri on Air Force One, White House principal deputy press secretary Raj Shah declared “the North Korean threat is very grave” following Pyongyang’s claim it tested a Hwasong-15 missile "tipped with a super-large heavy warhead which is capable of striking the whole mainland of the U.S."

The missile reached an altitude of 4,500 kilometers (2,800 miles) — more than 10 times higher than orbit of the International Space Station — before splashing into Japan’s exclusive economic zone east of the Korean Peninsula, about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) from its launch site.

The test represented a key accomplishment for Pyongyang's missile program, showing it can send rockets higher and farther than ever before, according to U.S. officials and analysts.

“It went higher, frankly, than any previous shot they have taken,” U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said Tuesday. “It's a research-and- development effort on their part to continue building ballistic missiles that can threaten everywhere in the world, basically.”

Each missile launch or atomic weapons test by Pyongyang highlights the risks of a very dangerous nuclear flashpoint, according to Robert Manning, a senior fellow on international security at the Atlantic Council, a global affairs policy research group.

“The North Korean nuclear problem is part of a larger Korea question, the last vestige of the Cold War,” said Manning. “It holds the potential to reshape geopolitics in East Asia toward either a more cooperative future or a confrontational one. The risks of nuclear war and proliferation, chaos in North Korea, and how the eventual reunification of the Korean Peninsula occurs are likely to have a transformative impact on U.S.-Chinese relations, U.S. alliances with the Republic of Korea and Japan, and the strategic equation in the region and beyond.”

The U.N. Security Council was to convene an emergency meeting later Wednesday to discuss the incident. The body has imposed repeated rounds of sanctions on the North in response to its nuclear and missile tests.

The ranking Democratic member on the House Intelligence Committee, Adam Schiff of California, noting that North Korea will soon be capable of delivering a nuclear weapon to American shores, said “it’s well past time” for the administration to use whatever diplomatic strategy it has.

“And if they do not, they need to develop one fast, as the military options are nothing short of disastrous," he said Wednesday.

That sentiment was echoed by the top Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Committee.

“Yesterday, the bluster continued as the president uttered his third ‘red line’ to address the North Korea nuclear challenge, but so far has failed to put in place the people or strategy that could do just that,” said Representative Eliot Engel of New York.

Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, asked Wednesday how much more time he was willing to give to the pressure campaign, replied in regard to the diplomatic approach, “We keep working on it every day.”

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Pakistani Military's Mediation to End Protest Raises Questions About Political Interference

The Pakistan army’s mediation role in ending a disruptive and deadly 20-day protest in the capital has sparked allegations that the powerful military is again going beyond its limits at a time of tense relations with the country's civilian government.

Supporters of the small Tehreek-i-Labaik party had been camped out for the last three weeks, demanding the resignation of a law minister over an omitted reference in a parliamentary bill that Prophet Muhammad is the last prophet in Islam.

The minister, Zahid Hamid, apologized for the omission, saying it was a clerical error that was later corrected.

Some say the deal Pakistan's government struck with the Islamist group Monday to end the protest represented a complete capitulation to all of the protesters’ demands – including the resignation of Hamid – and then some. The protest leader claimed the army had yielded on issues that hadn’t even been on the list of demands.

Interior Minister Ahsan Iqbal justified the deal in a tweet, saying it “was not desirable but there was little choice because if situation had persisted another 24 hours there would be riots.”

Court and media criticism

During a hearing on the case Monday, a top judge of the Islamabad High Court, Justice Shaukat Aziz Siddique, lashed out at the government and the army for not playing their constitutional roles and said the civil administration had been “stabbed in the back.”

“How long is the state going to bear all this?” Siddique asked. "Who is the army to adopt a mediator's role?"

Government officials said they were presented with a done deal that they had no choice but to sign to avoid riots that could have spun out of control.
The Dawn newspaper called the deal “a devastating blow to the legitimacy and moral standing of the government and all state institutions.”

“It is a surrender so abject that the mind is numb and the heart sinks,” Dawn said in an editorial. “In one brief page and six gut-wrenching points, the state of Pakistan has surrendered its authority to a mob that threatened to engulf the country in flames.”

In addition to raising questions about who really holds power in a country where the army has staged coups and otherwise interfered repeatedly in civilian affairs, the end of the protest was in line with Pakistan’s increasingly conservative path in which all religions are being marginalized behind mainstream Islam with a blasphemy law used to suppress dissent.

Khadim Hussain, a Pakistani author on militancy, told VOA Deewa that the military’s direct role in defusing the Islamists’ protest shows its political ambitions and “shows its motive of destabilizing the civilian government.”

Religious parties protest

The protest began when members of three religious political parties began a sit-in at the Faizabad Interchange, which connects the two busiest highways between Islamabad, the capital, and the garrison city of Rawalpindi. The roads were closed, and the main bus service was shut down.

The protest focused on a change to election law that had required candidates to “declare an oath” on the Khatm-e-Nabuwwat – the finality of the prophethood of Muhammad. The words “on oath” were omitted in what government officials called a clerical error, and they were restored.

After the demonstrators defied officials’ calls and court orders to disperse, the Islamabad High Court ordered their eviction “by any means necessary.”

Subsequent negotiations failed, and the protesters were given until Saturday morning to leave.

When the deadline passed, the government ordered a police operation to clear the area that left up to six dead and dozens injured. Protests broke out in other cities and more protesters rushed to Faizabad. Most private TV networks and social media sites were shut down.

The government then called the army for help, but it refused to use force. Army Chief of Staff Gen. Qamar Bajwa told Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi that public trust in the army “can't be compromised for little gains." He then became the chief negotiator, spawning the agreement and the end of most of the unrest Monday.

The terms of the agreement included blanket immunity for all those arrested during the crackdown, compensation for the protesters and public funds to pay for the property damage that they caused.

“The government has been humiliated and the military leadership has further improved its standing with sections of the public for helping end the protests — but at what cost to the country and its people?” the Dawn editorial asked. "A menacing precedent has been set by the protesters that will surely embolden others and invite copycats. It is no exaggeration to suggest that no one is safe.”

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Global Entrepreneurship Summit Addresses Gender Bias, Opportunities for Women

The question of how women can overcome gender bias within cultures and succeed in their own right is emerging as a talking point at this year's Global Entrepreneurship Summit in Hyderabad, India. The focus this year is women, who still lag behind men when it comes to starting businesses and securing funding for them.

"In some traditional cultures like in Asia, people expect women to be just at home and not expressing themselves as they deserve to be," said Mandy Nguyen, who works for Startup Vietnam Foundation, a group that supports entrepreneurs.

Nguyen, who traveled from Vietnam for the conference, also said, "For us, this focus, it makes people understand more about the potentials and capabilities of women."

Many attendees at this eighth annual conference have come from around the world to talk up their businesses and projects. Others, like Safietou Kane, a Mauritanian who created a rice distribution business, are looking for something new.

"I'm hoping to have more contacts with strong entrepreneur women," she said. "And get new ideas from other people, and just network."

Embraced by Trump administration

Started by the Obama administration in 2010, the global summit initially aimed to promote entrepreneurship as an antidote to extremism worldwide. The summit was embraced by the Trump administration, which this year partnered with the Indian government to put on the three-day event.

All-women delegations

More than half of the 1,500 attendees this year are women. Ten countries, including Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia, sent only female delegates.

Ivanka Trump, special adviser to and daughter of U.S. President Donald Trump, and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi this week addressed the gathering, which is under heavy security. They both promoted their countries' business prowess while reaffirming the ties between the two nations. They also highlighted the accomplishments of women, but noted that more progress needs to be made.

"And I especially want to congratulate the women entrepreneurs here with us today," said Trump. "This year's summit is focused on a theme that is key to our future: Women first, prosperity for all."

Among the female entrepreneurs attending the conference is Neetika Maheshwari, who runs a business in northern California's technology corridor known as Silicon Valley, helping startups — particularly those from India — enter the U.S. market. While Maheshwari's clientele is mostly male, she says she is seeing a shift.

"The last couple years I've seen a big growth in female entrepreneurs, especially in the tech industry and startups," Maheshwari said. "It's a huge change."

Participants at this year's summit in Hyderabad represent four industry sectors: energy and infrastructure, health care and life sciences, financial technology and digital economy, and media and entertainment.

The summit ends Thursday.

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Shi’ite Mosque in Pakistani Capital Attacked

Suspected militants attacked worshipers outside a Shi’ite Muslim mosque, killing at least one person and wounding four others late Wednesday in the Pakistani capital.

Police said four gunmen arrived on motorbikes at the mosque in Islamabad’s I-8 residential sector and opened fire on worshipers as they were coming out after offering evening prayers.

Members of the minority Shi’ite community swiftly took to the streets to protest the violence and denounce the government for failing to protect them.

No one claimed responsibility for the violence. Security cameras installed around the mosque captured shots of gunmen spraying bullets with automatic weapons before fleeing the scene.

Militant groups from the majority Sunni Muslim population in Pakistan are blamed for being behind the sectarian violence. The rivalry between the two Muslim sects in the country has claimed thousands of lives over the years.

Wednesday’s attack came amid an uptick in militant violence in the country that has killed dozens of people including several top police and military personnel this month.

It came a day after activists of a hardline Sunni group ended a demonstration that had blocked a main entrance to Islamabad, effectively paralyzing the capital city.

The protesters were demanding the federal law minister resign for allegedly committing blasphemy and dispersed after the beleaguered federal government accepted the demand.

Analysts and newspaper continue to criticize authorities for what they are denouncing as a "surrender to extremism."

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Haqqani Network Remains Primary Source of Pakistan-US Tensions

Just days before U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis is scheduled to visit Pakistan for crucial talks, the top American general in Afghanistan has alleged the Pakistani spy agency continues to maintain ties with the Haqqani terrorist network and allows Taliban leaders to operate out of havens in the country.

Pakistani officials have promptly rejected as "nothing new" the charges made by General John Nicholson, who commands U.S. troops and NATO's Resolute Support Afghan mission.

Speaking via video phone Tuesday from his Kabul base, the general told Pentagon reporters while "tactical-level" leadership of the Taliban is in the field in Afghanistan, "senior leadership" of the insurgency still resides in Pakistan. It is believed the leadership is in Quetta and Peshawar.

"They [Pakistanis] identified certain steps that they were going to take. We have not yet seen those steps play out ... we have not seen those changes implemented yet," Nicholson said. He was referring to talks U.S. officials have held with Pakistani counterparts since President Donald Trump announced his strategy for Afghanistan and South Asia.

Trump denounced Pakistan for what he said was its support of terrorist groups and urged the country to enhance cooperation with U.S. efforts to stabilize Afghanistan.

A senior Pakistani military official, when contacted by VOA for his reaction, said Pakistan "has been rejecting such allegations and some have been leveled again." The official requested anonymity, saying an official government response is being formulated.

A spokesman for the provincial government in Quetta, capital of southwestern Baluchistan province, while responding to the U.S. general's allegations asserted they are based on "conjectures" and are not helpful in achieving regional peace.

"Any actionable intelligence if shared with authorities on Pakistan side, our security forces will promptly act, as it is primarily in our interest to fight menace of terrorism," Anwar-ul Haq Kakar told VOA.

Nicholson replied Tuesday, when asked whether Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) has ended its support for the Haqqani network.

"The chairman of the joint chiefs and the secretary of defense were asked these questions on the Hill recently. I think they affirmed that those relationships still exist. So, I would leave at that and I concur with their assessment," the general said.

The assertions, analysts say, show Washington is not "satisfied" with Islamabad's claims of dismantling terrorist infrastructure linked to Afghan war on Pakistani soil, and Haqqani network's activities are expected to dominate discussions Mattis will hold with Pakistani leaders.

U.S. officials have not yet announced dates for his visit, but Foreign Minister Khawaja Asif said last week Mattis will be in Islamabad on December 3.

The United States designated the Pakistan-based Haqqani network as a terrorist organization in 2012 after the then-top U.S. military officer, Navy Admiral Mike Mullen, told Congress the network was a "veritable arm" of the ISI directorate.

Pakistan military and civilian officials maintain the country has no links to insurgent groups in Afghanistan, saying "neither Haqqanis nor Taliban need sanctuaries" on Pakistani soil when more than 40 percent of Afghan territory has been "rendered ungoverned" after militant advances in recent years.

Nicholson noted on Tuesday the Afghan government controls about 64 percent of the population, the Taliban controls about 12 percent of the population and the other 24 percent live in contested areas.

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Trump Promises 'Major Sanctions' in Response to North Korea ICBM Test

U.S. President Donald Trump says "major sanctions" will be imposed on North Korea, after Pyongyang tested an intercontinental ballistic missile that experts say is likely capable of hitting anywhere in the U.S. mainland.

In a tweet Wednesday, Trump said he spoke with Chinese President Xi Jinping about the "provocative actions" of North Korea. He again vowed that the "situation will be handled," but did not elaborate.

"President Trump underscored the determination of the United States to defend ourselves and our allies from the growing threat posed by the North Korean regime," the White House said in a statement on the call with Xi.

WATCH: President reacts to Pyongyang's missile launch

The readout also said Trump "emphasized the need for China to use all available levers to convince North Korea to end its provocations and return to the path of denuclearization."

North Korea on Wednesday said it tested a Hwasong-15 missile "tipped with a super-large heavy warhead which is capable of striking the whole mainland of the U.S."


U.S. officials and independent experts said the test represents a key accomplishment for Pyongyang's missile program, and shows it can send rockets higher and further than ever before.

"It went higher, frankly, than any previous shot they have taken," said U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis on Tuesday. "It's a research and development effort on their part to continue building ballistic missiles that can threaten everywhere in the world, basically."

The United Nations Security Council is holding an emergency meeting Wednesday to discuss the incident. The body has imposed repeated rounds of sanctions on the North in response to its nuclear and missile tests.

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What's New, What's Ahead, After North Korea's ICBM Test

Experts may debate trajectories, payload weights and re-entry shields, but North Korea's claim that the entire United States is within range of its rapidly improving missiles just got a lot more credible.

Wednesday's launch of what the North called the Hwasong-15 intercontinental ballistic missile demonstrated a greater range than other missiles it's tested and showcased several capabilities the North must master if it were ever to actually try to unleash them at the United States.

Here is a quick look at the advancements made, the developments still to come, and the implications for the United States and its Asian allies:

THE MISSILE ITSELF

According to North Korea's announcements about the launch, the Hwasong-15 can be tipped with a "super-large heavy warhead" and is capable of striking anywhere in the U.S. mainland. The North claims it reached an altitude of 4,475 kilometers (2,780 miles) and flew 950 kilometers (600 miles) from its launch site just outside of Pyongyang. It was airborne for 53 minutes before splashing down in the Sea of Japan.

The launch data jibe with what foreign experts observed. U.S. scientist David Wright, a physicist who closely tracks North Korea's missile and nuclear programs, estimates the Hwasong-15 has an estimated range of more than 13,000 kilometers (8,100 miles) if flown on a standard trajectory — putting it within reach of Washington, D.C.

Pyongyang claims the missile has significant tactical and technical improvements from the Hwasong-14 ICBM it tested in July and is the North's "most powerful" to date. KCNA also said Kim Jong Un "declared with pride that now we have finally realized the great historic cause of completing the state nuclear force."

The repeated claim in the announcement that North Korea has now completed its "rocket weaponry system development" is new and important. It could be bluster, but might also suggest a shift away from tests — at least of these kinds of missiles — toward production and deployment.

The North's arsenal is still a far cry from the quality and quantity of what the United States can field. The Air Force's development of the Minuteman ICBM goes back to the late 1950s. It now has about 400 of the latest version, the Minuteman III, which also has a maximum range of about 13,000 kilometers.

HOW IT WAS LAUNCHED

The timing and location are important. It was launched in the dead of night, most likely from a mobile launcher, near the capital. That indicates the North was trying to show it can launch whenever and wherever it pleases — a capability makes it more difficult to take pre-emptive action. It's impossible to blow up a North Korean missile on the launch pad if the missile can be moved and there isn't any launch pad at all.

Interestingly, however, Japanese media reported on Tuesday their government had intercepted radio signals from the North suggesting a launch was imminent. It's not clear if that was a first, since details on such intelligence are normally not made public. But it does suggest the North's neighbors are having some success with surveillance efforts.

The trajectory of the launch is also significant. The missile was "lofted" at an extremely sharp angle and reached an altitude more than twice as high as satellites in low Earth orbit.

North Korea needs to launch toward the Pacific because it would otherwise be shooting its missiles at Russia or China — a very unwise proposition. And lofting avoids flying over Japan, which could prompt Tokyo or Japan-based U.S. missile-defense facilities to attempt an intercept, and hits open seas instead of other nations.

But lofting doesn't closely simulate conditions of a real launch. Experts can roughly gauge the range of the missile from its lofted performance, but a missile on an attack trajectory would fly a lower, flatter pattern that presents some different challenges, particularly in the crucial re-entry stage of the nuclear payload.

SO WHAT NOW?

North Korea claimed as it always does that the test is part of its overall strategy to defend itself against Washington's "nuclear blackmail" and that its development of missiles and nuclear weapons does not pose a threat to any country "as long as the interests of the DPRK are not infringed upon." DPRK is short for North Korea's official name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

In an equally familiar manner, the move was immediately condemned in the strongest terms by Tokyo and Seoul. President Donald Trump said Washington "will handle it," while giving no indication of how or what handling it actually would mean.

Clearly, however, the problem isn't going away.

The launch broke a two-month lull in what has been a record pace of tests for the North. While some claimed that was the result of pressure from the United States and its allies, it's common for the North to re-focus its energies to farming activities during the harvest season and for its military to shift into a lower-profile mode for its winter training cycle.

North Korea still needs to conduct further missile tests, particularly of its submarine-launched missile systems, to improve its overall arsenal. But having now demonstrated what it claims to be the primary missile it needs to deter attack from the United States, Pyongyang may turn to more testing of its nuclear weapons.

So far, five of its six nuclear tests have been conducted in a series of tunnels under Mount Mantap, a 2,205 meter (7,200 foot) tall granite peak in the northeast part of the country. But Pyongyang has hinted it might attempt an atmospheric test over the Pacific Ocean.

That would be a far more provocative move than Wednesday's missile test and might prompt a military response.

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Rising HIV Infections See Iran Challenge Notions About Sex

In a square in a poor eastern Tehran neighborhood known for its drug addicts and dealers, psychologist Atefeh Azimi draws another drop of blood from a worried passer-by's finger.

She works on a nearby bench, where a sign next to her in English and in Farsi urges the public to receive free voluntary counseling and HIV testing.

But her worries, as well as those of her aid group called Reviving Values, are not confined these days just to those sharing needles to inject heroin that comes across the border from Afghanistan's thriving opium trade.

Iran has seen a surge in the number of HIV infections spread by sex, especially among its youth. What's more, authorities say many have no idea that they are infected.

That has led to growing uncomfortable questions in the Islamic Republic, where sex outside of marriage is prohibited and those who practice it can face arrest and severe punishment.

Some have dared challenge the long-standing taboos in Iran surrounding sex, speaking publicly about the need for safe sex, sex education and regular HIV testing.

"Everybody has a very bad attitude toward this disease," said Mahboobeh Zeinali, an HIV-positive woman living in Tehran. "They even think if they wash their hand where I do they can be infected, but they can't."

According to government estimates, 66,000 people out of Iran's 80 million people have HIV, though about 30,000 of them have no idea they have the virus. Iranian authorities blame that on how little general knowledge many have about the virus.

By comparison, in the United States, government statistics suggest 1.1 million people live with HIV, with one in seven not knowing it.

More than 50 percent of those with HIV in Iran are between 21 and 35, said Parvin Afsar Kazerouni, the head of the Health Ministry's AIDS department. That's despite that age group representing about 28 percent of Iran's population as a whole.

The number of those infected through sex continues to rise.

"If we look at five or six years ago, the rate of infection through sex was around 16 or 17 percent, to 20 percent at the most. ... Now it is up to 40 percent or even more in some provinces," Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Gouya, Iran's deputy health minister, told The Associated Press. "This is an alert for us, the people and the officials. They are addressing this issue very seriously."

Societal mores play a part in the rise of HIV infections. As a Muslim country, Iranian clerics preach against sex outside of marriage and sex isn't often discussed among children and parents. Schools offer little sexual education as well.

Sex outside of marriage is illegal and some have been prosecuted for merely shaking hands with a member of the opposite sex under Iran's strict interpretation of Islamic law, or Shariah. However, police rarely interfere with young couples in Tehran walking hand-in-hand and whispering to each other.

The government blames drugs in part for the increase in HIV infections — though not those narcotics that are injected with a needle.

"Ecstasy drugs, synthetic addictive drugs and amphetamine combinations dramatically and abnormally raise sexual desire," Gouya said.

Views on sex are also changing in Iran.

Previously, Iran allowed so-called "temporary marriages" or "sigheh" — a legal contract under Sharia law that allows a couple to share a hotel room or travel together, though it's not publicly or officially backed by the government. The contracts last anything between several hours to a few years but are increasingly abandoned in mainstream life in most of the Muslim world.

Lately, Tehran has seen a quiet move toward so-called "white marriages," or couples living together before being married even though it remains illegal.

Mohammad Mohammadi Golpayegani, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's chief of staff, has criticized the practice, warning the ``loose generation'' that its offspring will "be illegitimate."

Widespread access to satellite television, which in theory remains banned by authorities, also offers young Iranians access to images of Western culture, as does the internet.

About 60 percent of divorces across Iran come from those unhappy with sex in their marriages, said Mohammad Mahdi Labibi, a sociology professor at Tehran's Azad University.

"When one of them is not satisfied, they will look for it outside their marriage," in secret, Labibi said. Such "hidden sex increases the chance of being infected by any disease, including HIV."

Prostitution also has been acknowledged by the government as a problem. Members of parliament have discussed the issue before, along with other "social problems," according to Iranian media reports.

Today, Iran's government treats some 10,000 people either infected with HIV or those with already developed AIDS, which weakens the immune system and gradually destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers. It typically costs the government $16,000 a year to treat a patient, Gouya said.

Iranian society often ostracizes HIV-positive people, especially women.

"Most women here are in charge of their families, and unfortunately finding a job for them is very difficult," said Najimeh Babagol, a psychologist who works with HIV-positive women. "Many of them get rejected went they reveal [they are HIV positive] at work. I can say this stigma and discrimination is the biggest problem they are facing.''

Khosro Mansourian, who leads the Reviving Values aid group, said sex education and better understanding can help solve that.

"Sex education should start from the kindergarten age," he said. "Every child should have full knowledge about sexual characteristics so that they can protect themselves and especially learn they have the ability to say no."

Gouya agrees that the young should have sex education.

"Our youth must learn about sexual issues in schools," he said. "Prevention is much easier than treatment of AIDS."

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